<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Chirp</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.math.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.phonos.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.phonos.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.tmh.player.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Chirp rootpage-Chirp skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chirp</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr">
<p>Als ein <b>Chirp</b> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a> <i><span lang="en">(to) chirp</span></i> „tschilpen, zirpen, <a href="Zwitschern" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwitschern">Zwitschern</a>“) oder eine <b>Zirpe</b> wird in der <a href="Signalverarbeitung" title="Signalverarbeitung">Signalverarbeitung</a> ein Signal bezeichnet, dessen <a href="Frequenz" title="Frequenz">Frequenz</a> sich zeitlich ändert. Dabei wird zwischen <i>positiven Chirps</i> – bei denen die Frequenz zeitlich zunimmt – und <i>negativen Chirps</i> – die eine Frequenzabnahme aufweisen – unterschieden.
</p><p>Gesendete Chirp Signale können mithilfe von <a href="Optimalfilter" title="Optimalfilter">Optimalfiltern</a> in einem stark verrauschten Empfangssignal erkannt werden, siehe <a href="Pulskompressionsverfahren_(Ortung)" title="Pulskompressionsverfahren (Ortung)">Pulskompressionsverfahren (Ortung)</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chirp-Beschreibung">Chirp-Beschreibung</h2></div>
<p>Ein Chirp besitzt eine Zeitableitung der Frequenz ungleich Null, ähnlich der <a href="Winkelbeschleunigung" title="Winkelbeschleunigung">Winkelbeschleunigung</a> α.
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\alpha (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} \omega }{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d^{2}} \varphi }{\mathrm {d} t^{2}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>α<!-- α --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>ω<!-- ω --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mi>φ<!-- φ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<msup>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\alpha (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} \omega }{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d^{2}} \varphi }{\mathrm {d} t^{2}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/734366e30bc26f22d2c33a00a818b9a2bd3259d3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:18.611ex; height:6.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\alpha (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} \omega }{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d^{2}} \varphi }{\mathrm {d} t^{2}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\chi (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} f}{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} {\tfrac {1}{T}}}{\mathrm {d} t}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>χ<!-- χ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0">
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>T</mi>
</mfrac>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\chi (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} f}{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} {\tfrac {1}{T}}}{\mathrm {d} t}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/371413e153dee1b92543882f97f5faab73d0d06e.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:17.83ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\chi (t)}={\frac {\mathrm {d} f}{\mathrm {d} t}}={\frac {\mathrm {d} {\tfrac {1}{T}}}{\mathrm {d} t}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Die zeitliche Entwicklung dieses Wertes kann eine regelmäßige Form annehmen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linearer_Chirp">Linearer Chirp</h3></div>
<p>Für den Spezialfall eines linearen Chirp steigt die Frequenz linear mit der Konstanten <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> an:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}+kt\,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}+kt\,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/14afeb992b7cefa3dbed731a8f825c59566227fd.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.498ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}+kt\,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k={\frac {\Delta f}{\Delta t}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi>f</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k={\frac {\Delta f}{\Delta t}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/e8555f93842bc4d75b79c0b9bc71da048a26e7e7.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.36ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k={\frac {\Delta f}{\Delta t}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und es gilt für den Zeitverlauf <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d54c275db3a1e620737b58e143b0818107fa5f5c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.979ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)}" loading="lazy"></span>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}f(\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}(f_{0}+k\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \left(f_{0}+{\frac {k}{2}}t\right)t\right)\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>k</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>t</mi>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}f(\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}(f_{0}+k\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \left(f_{0}+{\frac {k}{2}}t\right)t\right)\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/9f5c98d7a4e4be7511fe9956b21b7ab301e3c7f0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:80.628ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}f(\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{t}(f_{0}+k\tau )\,\mathrm {d} \tau \right)=\sin \left(2\pi \left(f_{0}+{\frac {k}{2}}t\right)t\right)\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Akustisches Beispiel: <span class="navigation-not-searchable" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/21\/Linchirp.ogg\/Linchirp.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"white-space:initial;\">Linearer Chirp (5 Wiederholungen)<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"de","wikibase":"","file":"Linchirp.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Linchirp.ogg/Linchirp.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Audio abspielen" title="Audio abspielen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="white-space:initial;">Linearer Chirp (5 Wiederholungen)</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exponentieller_Chirp">Exponentieller Chirp</h3></div>
<p>Für <a href="Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a> oder <a href="Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> werden oft exponentielle Chirps eingesetzt. Hier lautet die Frequenzabhängigkeit von der Zeit, wenn <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{0}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{0}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6423b30a4c5770c59b5ab92dcb4ce378755440ab.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.193ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{0}}" loading="lazy"></span> die feste Grundfrequenz ist und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.211ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k}" loading="lazy"></span> eine Konstante, die den Faktor der Frequenzänderung pro festem Zeitintervall <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T=\Delta t=t_{2}-t_{1}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>T</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">Δ<!-- Δ --></mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<msub>
<mi>t</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T=\Delta t=t_{2}-t_{1}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/a702914010c9fa0d60f3312565a51f3e6ec2d4ea.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:17.237ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T=\Delta t=t_{2}-t_{1}}" loading="lazy"></span> beschreibt, mit dem Zeitfaktor <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {t}{T}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {t}{T}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/5994108999396c4a79c4de7112f1d975728adcf0.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:6.773ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \tau ={\frac {t}{T}}}" loading="lazy"></span> :
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle k={\frac {f_{1}}{f_{0}}}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>k</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle k={\frac {f_{1}}{f_{0}}}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/fda17a8e02ef419e6d20e47fe5cfe1deeb6bdc4b.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:7.339ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle k={\frac {f_{1}}{f_{0}}}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd>
<dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}k^{\tau }=f_{0}e^{\tau \ln(k)}}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}k^{\tau }=f_{0}e^{\tau \ln(k)}}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/b28d1b34bdda47433f49cf3a0136e601c9b9b513.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.865ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(t)=f_{0}k^{\tau }=f_{0}e^{\tau \ln(k)}}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>und damit der Zeitverlauf der <a href="Auslenkung" title="Auslenkung">Auslenkung</a>:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{\tau }f({\hat {t}})\,\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left(2\pi f_{0}\int _{0}^{\tau }e^{{\hat {t}}\ln(k)}\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\tau }-1\right)\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\frac {t}{T}}-1\right)\right)\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mi>f</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msubsup>
<mo>∫<!-- ∫ --></mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>e</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mover>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">^<!-- ^ --></mo>
</mover>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msub>
<mi>f</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>ln</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>k</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>k</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>T</mi>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{\tau }f({\hat {t}})\,\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left(2\pi f_{0}\int _{0}^{\tau }e^{{\hat {t}}\ln(k)}\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\tau }-1\right)\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\frac {t}{T}}-1\right)\right)\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/148557b80c772e42ff39b830c3d95a62ce445c55.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:105.159ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)=\sin \left(2\pi \int _{0}^{\tau }f({\hat {t}})\,\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left(2\pi f_{0}\int _{0}^{\tau }e^{{\hat {t}}\ln(k)}\mathrm {d} {\hat {t}}\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\tau }-1\right)\right)=\sin \left({\frac {2\pi f_{0}}{\ln(k)}}\left(k^{\frac {t}{T}}-1\right)\right)\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Akustisches Beispiel: <span class="navigation-not-searchable" style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0f\/Expchirp.ogg\/Expchirp.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span style=\"white-space:initial;\">Exponentieller chirp (5 Wiederholungen)<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"de","wikibase":"","file":"Expchirp.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/Expchirp.ogg/Expchirp.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Audio abspielen" title="Audio abspielen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span style="white-space:initial;">Exponentieller chirp (5 Wiederholungen)</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span></span>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potenzfunktionen">Potenzfunktionen</h3></div>
<p>In einer weiteren Definition hat ein Chirp in Amplitude und Frequenzverlauf die Form von <a href="Potenzfunktion" title="Potenzfunktion">Potenzfunktionen</a>
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x(t)=|\tau |^{a}\sin \left(2\pi \tau ^{-b}\right)\,,}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>x</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>t</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<msup>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">|</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>a</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>sin</mi>
<mo><!-- --></mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>π<!-- π --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>τ<!-- τ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
<mi>b</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>,</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x(t)=|\tau |^{a}\sin \left(2\pi \tau ^{-b}\right)\,,}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/bd8f556a12b2bcfa0d75cae28096963ddc3ac123.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:23.049ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x(t)=|\tau |^{a}\sin \left(2\pi \tau ^{-b}\right)\,,}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>mit den Parametern <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>a</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}" loading="lazy"></span> und <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle b}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>b</mi>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle b}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.998ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle b}" loading="lazy"></span>. Diese Signalform kommt in der Praxis bei der Detektion von <a href="Gravitationswelle" title="Gravitationswelle">Gravitationswellen</a> vor.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anwendungen">Anwendungen</h2></div>
<p>Technische Anwendungen liegen bei der Aussendung von Mikrowellen bei dem <a href="Synthetic_Aperture_Radar" title="Synthetic Aperture Radar">Synthetic Aperture Radar</a> und bei bandspreizenden Modulationsverfahren wie <a href="Chirp_Spread_Spectrum" title="Chirp Spread Spectrum">Chirp Spread Spectrum</a> (CSS). In der Natur setzen zahlreiche <a href="Flederm%C3%A4use" title="Fledermäuse">Fledermausarten</a> Chirp-Impulse zur <a href="Ortung" title="Ortung">Ortung</a> ein.
</p><p>Starke, kurze <a href="Laserpuls" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserpuls">Laserpulse</a> werden „gechirpt“, um sie – mit dadurch vergrößerter Pulsdauer – verstärken zu können (<a href="Chirped_Pulse_Amplification" title="Chirped Pulse Amplification">Chirped Pulse Amplification</a>).
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verringerung_der_Impulsleistung_bei_Radar">Verringerung der Impulsleistung bei Radar</h3></div>
<p>Um Echosignale weit entfernter reflektierender Objekte aus dem Rauschen herauszufiltern, muss eine gewisse Mindestenergie empfangen werden. Für <i>genaue</i> Entfernungsmessungen benötigt man aber möglichst kurze Sendeimpulse, denn bei einem 0,1 µs kurzen Sendeimpuls ist das Wellenpaket bereits 30 m lang. Die Kombination beider Anforderungen führt zu immensen Sendeleistungen von 10 MW, deren Erzeugung in <a href="Flugzeug" title="Flugzeug">Flugzeugen</a> oder <a href="Satellit_(Raumfahrt)" title="Satellit (Raumfahrt)">Satelliten</a> Probleme bereitet. Als Ausweg wird beim <a href="Pulskompressionsverfahren" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulskompressionsverfahren">Pulskompressionsverfahren</a> ein leistungsschwacher Chirp-Impuls längerer Gesamtdauer gesendet, der beim Empfang durch spezielle Filter oder mathematische Verfahren zu einem erheblich kürzeren Impuls komprimiert wird. Dieser kann dann mit Hilfe eines <a href="Korrelation" title="Korrelation">Korrelationsverfahrens</a> im Rauschen gut entdeckt werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dispersion_bei_Licht">Dispersion bei Licht</h3></div>
<p>In der Optik werden Lichtpulse durch einen wellenlängenabhängigen <a href="Brechungsindex" title="Brechungsindex">Brechungsindex</a>, der sog. <a href="Dispersion_(Physik)" title="Dispersion (Physik)">Dispersion</a>, verzerrt:
</p>
<dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n(\lambda )=n_{0}+n_{1}\lambda +n_{2}\lambda ^{2}+\dots \quad }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>0</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mn>2</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mo>…<!-- … --></mo>
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n(\lambda )=n_{0}+n_{1}\lambda +n_{2}\lambda ^{2}+\dots \quad }</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/6e3d73145f73423907e002362505b1eb9a7897a6.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:32.336ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n(\lambda )=n_{0}+n_{1}\lambda +n_{2}\lambda ^{2}+\dots \quad }" loading="lazy"></span> mit <span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \quad n_{i}={\partial ^{(i)}n(\lambda ) \over \partial \lambda ^{i}}\,.}">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mspace width="1em"></mspace>
<msub>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>i</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
</msup>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">(</mo>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mo stretchy="false">)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi mathvariant="normal">∂<!-- ∂ --></mi>
<msup>
<mi>λ<!-- λ --></mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi>i</mi>
</mrow>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
<mspace width="thinmathspace"></mspace>
<mo>.</mo>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \quad n_{i}={\partial ^{(i)}n(\lambda ) \over \partial \lambda ^{i}}\,.}</annotation>
</semantics>
</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/37fc885760be92ff0501a6fa10bc9fe456d9c97c.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:17.467ex; height:6.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \quad n_{i}={\partial ^{(i)}n(\lambda ) \over \partial \lambda ^{i}}\,.}" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl>
<p>Bei der Erzeugung und Übertragung ultrakurzer Lichtpulse ist es notwendig, diese Phasenverschiebung zu kompensieren. Dazu werden neben Prismen auch sogenannte Chirpspiegel (engl.: chirped mirrors) eingesetzt, die aufgrund einer frequenzabhängigen <a href="Reflexion_(Physik)" title="Reflexion (Physik)">Reflexion</a> ausgedehnte und verzerrte Pulse wieder komprimieren können.
</p><p>Bei der direkten Modulation von Halbleiterlasern entsteht der meist unerwünschte Laser-Chirp, siehe <a href="Distributed_Feedback_Laser" title="Distributed Feedback Laser">Distributed Feedback Laser</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anwendung_Sonar">Anwendung Sonar</h3></div>
<p>Um die Gewässertiefe und Fische mittels <a href="Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> zu detektieren, werden zumindest seit 2015 Geräte angeboten, deren Schallimpulse (Pings) nicht nur mehrere diskrete feste Frequenzen im nutzbaren <a href="Ultraschall" title="Ultraschall">Ultraschallspektrum</a> von 28 bis 235 <a href="Kilohertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilohertz">kHz</a> verwenden, sondern typisch 3 Bereiche dieses Spektrums durchwischen. Der niedrige von drei Frequenzbereichen reicht dabei von 28 bis 65 oder 70 kHz. Am niedrigen Ende des Bereichs wird die höchste Eindringtiefe in Wasser (jedoch geringe Winkelauflösung) erzielt, mit höherer Frequenz steigt die Detailauflösung (bei geringerer Reichweite).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chirp?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Chirp</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sonstiges">Sonstiges</h2></div>
<p>Als <a href="Backronym" title="Backronym">Backronym</a> für CHIRP wurde <i>Compressed High Intensity Radiated Pulse</i> erfunden.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><a href="Garmin" title="Garmin">Garmin</a> Chirp ist ein kleines Funkmodul, das mit kompatiblen Navigationsgeräten von Garmin kommuniziert, um auf einen nahen <a href="Geocache" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocache">Geocache</a> mit Zusatzinformationen hinzuweisen, Besucher zu zählen und diese Zahl dem Besitzer des Chirp bei Annäherung anzuzeigen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Chirp ist der Name einer freien Software, mit der Amateurfunkgeräte vieler Hersteller mit unterschiedlichsten Datenformaten als Input programmiert werden können.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryan Moody Fishing: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmrsJTejVYw">Garmin CHIRP technology compared to traditional fish finding sonar</a> In: <i><a href="YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>, 20. Juni 2015, abgerufen am 18. Juli 2017. – Video (8:24), englisch</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">2:38/8:24 des YouTube-Videos.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trekkinn.com/outdoor-wandern/garmin-chirp/49656/p">Garmin Chirp</a> trekkinn.com, abgerufen am 18. Juli 2017.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chirp.danplanet.com/projects/chirp/wiki/Home">Chirp Homepage</a> chirp.danplanet.com, abgerufen am 26. Oktober 2018.</span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2024-09-13" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Chirp&oldid=248557482">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
</body></html>